PV cells, modules, and arrays produce direct current (DC). Electric loads that are not connected to the utility grid can use the PV-generated power if they are designed to operate on direct current.
The device that converts DC to AC is called an inverter. These inverters do not need the utilities voltage and frequency reference to produce AC. Inverters that are connected to the utility grid produce AC with electrical characteristics much like utility-generated AC by sensing utility’s
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